Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42199718›Full record

ArticleJournal of multidisciplinary healthcare2026

Measuring Our Impact: Validation of a Parenting Self-Efficacy Outcome Tool for Caregivers Participating in Developmental Interventions.

Karen Nitsche, Bridget Pieterse, Nicky Lawrence, Natasha Bear

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Karen NitscheChild Development Service, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, W.A., Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-0988-5410
Bridget PieterseChild Development Service, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, W.A., Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7526-8162
Nicky LawrenceChild Development Service, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, W.A., Australia.ORCID 0009-0006-0515-9581
Natasha BearInstitute for Health Research, Notre Dame University, Perth, W.A., Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9311-4386

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Evidence suggests that higher levels of parenting self-efficacy (PSE) result in positive caregiver-child interactions and improved developmental outcomes for children. Currently, there are few PSE tools specific to the domain of parenting a child with a developmental concern that are also applicable to a wide clinical cohort and range of multidisciplinary services. Aim: This study aimed to develop and validate an outcome measurement tool to determine change in PSE for caregivers who participate in developmental interventions with their child. The development of a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) value was a secondary aim. Methods: Based on existing literature, and clinician and consumer consultation, the SET and GO, a parenting Self-Efficacy Tool for Gathering Outcomes of developmental interventions, was developed. This nine-item retrospective pretest-posttest scale was validated with 204 caregivers at service discharge. Participants were predominantly mothers (91.7%) caring for children (average age of 5.7 years) presenting with a range of developmental concerns who had participated in intervention with one or more of a range of clinical disciplines. Results: Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the SET and GO is a unidimensional tool with good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.94 and 0.93), strong test-retest reliability (quadratic weighted kappa = 0.80 and 0.76), and adequate construct validity. Ceiling effects were noted in some individual item "now" scores. A preliminary MCID value of ≥7 was established using a distribution-based method. Conclusion: The SET and GO is a valid and reliable outcome measurement tool suitable for use with a wide range of caregivers taking part in developmental interventions with their child. Future research with a larger sample will allow investigations into the validity of using the tool with specific populations, and further refinement of the MCID value.

Indexed as

allied healthchild developmentmultidisciplinaryneurodevelopmental conditionsoutcome measurement toolpatient reported outcome measurePROM

Identifiers

PMID42199718
PMCPMC13199613

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.