ReviewIntegrative organismal biology (Oxford, England)2026
From Fin to Limb: Orientational Shift and Evolution of Diagonal-Couplet Gait in Tetrapods.
Review in Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
The transition from fins to limbs represents a pivotal evolutionary shift that enabled vertebrates to engage terrestrial environments through coordinated transformations in appendicular structure and neuromuscular control. Here, we propose that this transition can be understood as a biomechanical reorganization of force transmission across multi-joint musculoskeletal linkages. Rather than a simple rotational modification transforming fins directly into forelimbs, this process involved progressive reorganization of sarcopterygian appendages, including axial rotation, directional force production, and coordinated stance-swing dynamics that likely emerged prior to fully terrestrial locomotion. This review applies the two-joint link model, originally developed for human limb biomechanics, to extant sarcopterygians such as the coelacanth (
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