ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Validating a gamified size perception task for identifying cognitive profiles in children: a latent profile analysis of executive function and sensory measures.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Size perception is a fundamental visuospatial skill that supports children's daily functioning and academic learning. Traditional variable-centered approaches often overlook heterogeneity in cognitive strategies, particularly among children with neurodevelopmental conditions. Methods: A transdiagnostic sample of 652 children (541 typically developing, 58 with autism spectrum disorder, 53 with global developmental delay) completed a nine-level gamified size perception task and standardized assessments of executive function, illusion susceptibility, and sensory integration. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was applied to external cognitive and sensory variables. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the task's factor structure. Within-profile paired t-tests (Bonferroni correction) examined differences across latent factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis evaluated screening accuracy. Results: LPA yielded three stable profiles: Low Cognitive-Sensory ( Discussion: Different cognitive profiles employ qualitatively different strategies: the High Cognitive profile flexibly engages executive resources under high task demands, while the other profiles rely on basic perceptual processing regardless of task complexity. The gamified task is brief, engaging, and suitable for large-scale screening. These findings support a person?centered approach to assessing cognitive heterogeneity and highlight the utility of gamified assessments for early identification of children at risk for cognitive difficulties.
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