Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42198758›Full record

ArticleViruses2026

The Largest Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis of Mixed Norovirus Genogroups in the Coast of São Paulo State, Brazil.

Rita de Cássia Carmona, Simone Guadagnucci, Mayara Esteves, Carla Costa, Simone Blotta, Daniele de Morais, Bráulio Machado, Cecilia Martins, Christiane Ristori, Ruth Rowlands and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Rita de Cássia CarmonaNúcleo de Doenças Entéricas, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-9174-3234
Simone GuadagnucciNúcleo de Doenças Entéricas, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil.
Mayara EstevesNúcleo de Doenças Entéricas, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil.ORCID 0009-0007-2823-3171
Carla CostaNúcleo de Doenças Entéricas, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-2909-7067
Simone BlottaNúcleo de Doenças Entéricas, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil.
Daniele de MoraisNúcleo de Doenças Entéricas, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil.
Bráulio MachadoNúcleo de Doenças Entéricas, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-3520-7549
Cecilia MartinsNúcleo de Microbiologia, Centro de Alimentos, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil.
Christiane RistoriNúcleo de Microbiologia, Centro de Alimentos, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-1367-3207
Ruth RowlandsNúcleo de Microbiologia, Centro de Alimentos, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil.
Damaris PintoNúcleo de Microbiologia, Centro de Alimentos, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil.
Vitória de SouzaDivisão de Doenças de Transmissão Hídrica e Alimentar, Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica "Prof. Alexandre Vranjac", Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil.
Bernadete LiphausDivisão de Doenças de Transmissão Hídrica e Alimentar, Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica "Prof. Alexandre Vranjac", Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil.
Alessandra XavierDivisão de Doenças de Transmissão Hídrica e Alimentar, Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica "Prof. Alexandre Vranjac", Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil.
Maria Inês SatoDepartamento de Análise Ambiental, Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), São Paulo 05459-010, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-7107-7927
Mikaela BarbosaDepartamento de Análise Ambiental, Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), São Paulo 05459-010, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-7730-9247
Ronalda de AraújoDepartamento de Análise Ambiental, Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), São Paulo 05459-010, Brazil.
Vanessa CardosoDepartamento de Análise Ambiental, Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), São Paulo 05459-010, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-3220-9680
Luciano CandidoDepartamento de Análise Ambiental, Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), São Paulo 05459-010, Brazil.
Renan SilvaDepartamento de Análise Ambiental, Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), São Paulo 05459-010, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-1985-6549
Audrey CilliNúcleo de Doenças Entéricas, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-1642-5252

Funding

Special Health Fund for Mass Immunization and Disease Control (FESIMA), Secretaria da Saude, SP 024.00068869/2024-50
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During the Brazilian summer, from 29 December 2024, to 6 March 2025, a large cluster of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks was reported along the coast of São Paulo State, Brazil, peaking in January 2025. Overall, 55 outbreaks involving 755 cases were officially notified, while more than 76,000 medical consultations for AGE were recorded across the region during the same period. A total of 50 stool samples were analyzed by RT-qPCR for group A rotavirus (RVA) and norovirus (NoV). NoV was detected in 27 samples (54.0%), confirming it as the main etiological agent, while RVA was identified in one sample (2.0%). Among NoV-positive cases, genogroup II (GII) predominated (59.0%), followed by genogroup I (GI) (19.0%) and mixed infections (22.0%). Genomic sequencing successfully genotyped 23 strains (95.8%), revealing six distinct genotypes. The recombinant GII.17[P17] was predominant (48.0%), followed by GI.3[P3], GI.3[P13], GI.5[P5], GII.4 Sydney_2012[P16], GII.3[P30], as well as mixed infections. No enteric viruses were detected in drinking water. However, seawater samples showed high concentrations of NoV GI and GII (up to 10

Indexed as

Caliciviridae InfectionsDisease OutbreaksGastroenteritisGenotypeNorovirusAdolescentAdultBrazilChildChild, PreschoolFecesFemaleHumansInfantMaleMiddle Agedacute diarrheagastroenteritisgenotypenorovirusone healthoutbreakrotavirus

Identifiers

PMID42198758
PMCPMC13211592

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.