Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42198737›Full record

ReviewViruses2026

Phage Therapy Beyond Static Pharmaceuticals: A Framework for Controlled Evolutionary Platforms.

Hidetomo Iwano, Jumpei Fujiki, Tomohiro Nakamura

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Hidetomo IwanoLaboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-0838-1990
Jumpei FujikiLaboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-0476-752X
Tomohiro NakamuraLaboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan.ORCID 0009-0007-7879-5850

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rising antimicrobial resistance has revived global interest in phage therapy, yet its transition to standard clinical practice remains slow. This challenge is not solely due to a lack of efficacy. Instead, we face a fundamental conceptual barrier caused by an "evaluation mismatch." Traditional regulations treat phages as static chemical molecules-like taking a "snapshot." However, biologically, phages are dynamic, evolving populations-more like a living "movie." In this review, we use Schrödinger's cat metaphor to explain this reality: phage variability is not a defect, but an essential feature. To bridge this gap, we propose a Controlled Evolutionary Platform. By distinguishing between a fixed "Safety Core" and a fluctuating "Adaptive Periphery," we can manage viral evolution rather than trying to stop it. Ultimately, to integrate phages into modern medicine, we must redefine "consistency": shifting our focus from preserving a fixed genetic sequence to ensuring the reliable performance of population dynamics.

Indexed as

BacteriophagesPhage TherapyBiological EvolutionEvolution, MolecularHumansantimicrobial resistancebacteriophagecontrolled evolutionary platformsevolutionary dynamicsphage therapypopulation heterogeneityregulatory science

Identifiers

PMID42198737
PMCPMC13211355

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.