ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Age-Dependent Clinical Patterns of Primary Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Children: Insights for Diagnostic Accuracy.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in children exhibits substantial clinical heterogeneity, often complicating early diagnosis and leading to unnecessary antibiotic use. This retrospective study evaluated 695 children (0-18 years) diagnosed with primary EBV infection at a tertiary pediatric center between 2010 and 2015, defined by positive viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM and negative Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) IgG. Clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic findings were compared according to age group (≤4 vs. >4 years) and clinical setting (inpatient vs. outpatient). The median age was 3.75 years (IQR: 2-6.25), and more than half of the patients were ≤4 years. Younger children more frequently presented with nonspecific respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, whereas older children more commonly exhibited the classic infectious mononucleosis (IM) phenotype, including sore throat, dysphagia, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly (
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