Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42198629›Full record

ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine Effectiveness and Impact in Slovenia, 2019-2024.

Jan Kordež, Frederick J Angulo, Pingping Zhang, Alexander Davidson, Juanita Edwards, Lisa R Harper, Andreas Pilz, Hannah Gould

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jan KordežMedical and Scientific Affairs, Pfizer, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Frederick J AnguloMedical Evidence Development, Bacterial Vaccines Real-World Evidence and Epidemiology, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3120-7704
Pingping ZhangMedical Affairs Evidence Generation Statistics, Pfizer Research and Development, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-5716-820X
Alexander DavidsonMedical Evidence Development, Bacterial Vaccines Real-World Evidence and Epidemiology, Pfizer, New York, NY 19426, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-2477-7794
Juanita EdwardsMedical Evidence Generation, Bacterial Vaccines Real-World Evidence and Epidemiology, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
Lisa R HarperMedical Evidence Development, Vaccines, Integrated Evidence Generation, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5866-7295
Andreas PilzGlobal Medical Affairs, Bacterial and Vector-Borne Vaccines, Pfizer Biopharma, 1210 Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-6394-3845
Hannah GouldGlobal Medical Affairs, Bacterial and Vector-Borne Vaccines, Pfizer Research and Development, New York, NY 10001, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8971-3311

Funding

Pfizer N/A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Slovenia has a high tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) incidence and TBE vaccination is recommended for all residents ≥1 year-of-age. Despite widespread TBE vaccine use in Slovenia, TBE vaccine effectiveness (VE) has not been reported for Slovenia. We defined individuals who received ≥3 TBE vaccine doses in accordance with the recommended vaccination schedule as fully vaccinated. Using the screening method, TBE VE was determined by comparing the proportions of TBE cases and survey respondents who were fully vaccinated. TBE incidence and VE were used to estimate the number of TBE cases prevented by TBE vaccination. Of 637 surveillance-reported TBE cases in 2019-2024, 332 (52.1%) had a known vaccination history. Of these 332 TBE cases, 322 (97.0%) were unvaccinated and 10 (3.0%) received ≥1 doses of a TBE vaccine. Among 25,242 persons surveyed with known TBE vaccination history, 57.9% were unvaccinated. VE of ≥3 TBE doses for the prevention of TBE was 93.4% (84.0-97.3%). TBE vaccination prevented 426 TBE cases in 2019-2024. If the entire population was vaccinated against TBE, vaccination would have prevented 994 TBE cases in 2019-2024. TBE vaccination in Slovenia was highly effective, preventing hundreds of TBE cases a year. Most of the Slovenian population, however, is not vaccinated against TBE. To prevent additional TBE cases in Slovenia, further efforts are needed to enhance TBE vaccine uptake.

Indexed as

Encephalitis, Tick-BorneEncephalitis Viruses, Tick-BorneVaccine EfficacyViral VaccinesAdolescentAdultAgedChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedSloveniaUnvaccinated PersonsViral Vaccinesepidemiologypreventionpublic healthsurveillancevaccinevector-borne disease

Identifiers

PMID42198629
PMCPMC13209445

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.