Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42198613›Full record

ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Increased Expression of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Infectious Mononucleosis and the Role of CXCL5 as a Candidate Biomarker of Disease Severity.

Andrea Nikčević, Leona Radmanić Matotek, Silva Šiftar, Lorna Stemberger Marić, Goran Tešović, Snjezana Zidovec-Lepej

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Andrea NikčevićDepartment for Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Leona Radmanić MatotekDepartment of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0001-9362-7213
Silva ŠiftarDepartment for Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Lorna Stemberger MarićDepartment for Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Goran TešovićDepartment for Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0002-5153-5027
Snjezana Zidovec-LepejDepartment of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Funding

Croatian Science Foundation IP-2020-02-8961
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEpstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated infectious mononucleosis (IM) elicits a robust cellular immune response; however, systemic chemokine profiles in pediatric IM and their diagnostic relevance remain insufficiently characterized. This study evaluated proinflammatory chemokine expression in children with acute EBV-associated IM and its relationship with disease presence and severity.

methodsIn this retrospective study, 64 children with confirmed acute EBV-associated IM and 16 healthy controls were included. Clinical severity was classified using the Severity of Mononucleosis (SOM) scale. Plasma concentrations of 12 chemokines were quantified by bead-based flow cytometry. Groups were compared using nonparametric tests, and logistic regression with cross-validation identified predictors distinguishing IM from controls.

resultsCXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 concentrations were significantly elevated in IM patients compared with controls across all severity strata (

conclusionsIFN-γ-inducible chemokines CXCL9-11 are markedly elevated in pediatric EBV-associated IM, irrespective of clinical severity, whereas CXCL5 may be associated with disease severity. Prospective validation of these preliminary findings is strongly warranted.

Indexed as

Chemokine CXCL10Chemokine CXCL11Chemokine CXCL5Chemokine CXCL9Herpesvirus 4, HumanInfectious MononucleosisAdolescentBiomarkersChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesSeverity of Illness IndexBiomarkersChemokine CXCL10Chemokine CXCL11Chemokine CXCL5Chemokine CXCL9CXCL10 protein, humanCXCL11 protein, humanCXCL5 protein, humanCXCL9 protein, humanchemokinesCXCL10CXCL11CXCL5CXCL9Epstein–Barr virusinfectious mononucleosisseverity of disease scale

Identifiers

PMID42198613
PMCPMC13209317

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.