The Fate of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Their Influential Factors During Large-Scale Cattle Manure Composting.

Zhuo Sun, Siyu Yang, Tong Zhang, Hongyin Li, Peng Gao, Liqiu Zhang, Li Feng, Qi Han

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Toxics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zhuo SunHebei Key Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants Control and Risk Management, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 East Qinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.ORCID 0009-0001-2890-6176

Siyu YangHebei Key Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants Control and Risk Management, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 East Qinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.

Tong ZhangHebei Key Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants Control and Risk Management, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 East Qinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.

Hongyin LiHebei Key Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants Control and Risk Management, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 East Qinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.

Peng GaoHebei Key Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants Control and Risk Management, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 East Qinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.

Liqiu ZhangHebei Key Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants Control and Risk Management, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 East Qinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.

Li FengHebei Key Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants Control and Risk Management, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 East Qinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.

Qi HanHebei Key Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants Control and Risk Management, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 East Qinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.

Funding

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities QNTD202506National Key Research and Development Program of China No. 2023YFC3207700National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 52400019

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Animal manure represents a critical reservoir that facilitates the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). However, the current understanding of ARG evolution during extensive composting remains insufficient. This study systematically investigated two common aerobic composting techniques: push-flow trough composting (FC) and membrane-covered composting (FM). Results indicated that both processes demonstrated substantial antibiotic removal capacities, achieving total removal rates of 88.89% (FC) and 79.20% (FM). Nevertheless, their effectiveness in removing ARGs varied considerably. During the 31 days of composting, the total removal rates of ARGs were 59.97% (FC) and 76.11% (FM), while the removal rates for class 1 integron (

Indexed as

aerobic compostingantibiotic resistance genesantibioticsbacterial communitycattle manure

Identifiers

PMID42198554

DOI10.3390/toxics14050428

PMCPMC13211389

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.