Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42198095›Full record

ArticlePolymers2026

Short Glass Fiber-Reinforced Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Composites for Additive Manufacturing: Modification Strategies, Processing, Characterization and 3D Printing.

Izabela Irska, Mateusz Kasprowiak, Piotr Franciszczak, Sandra Paszkiewicz, Katarzyna Gawdzińska, Elżbieta Piesowicz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Izabela IrskaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5521-1847
Mateusz KasprowiakPPHU POLIGRAF Wiesław Kasprowiak, Zielona Street 33, 66-400 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland.
Piotr FranciszczakDepartment of Machines Construction and Materials, Faculty of Marine Engineering, Maritime University of Szczecin, Willowa Street 2, 71-650 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4618-7048
Sandra PaszkiewiczFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7487-9220
Katarzyna GawdzińskaDepartment of Machines Construction and Materials, Faculty of Marine Engineering, Maritime University of Szczecin, Willowa Street 2, 71-650 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6989-6966
Elżbieta PiesowiczFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland.

Funding

European Union through the European Regional Development Fund under the Regional Operational Program of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship 2014-2020 No. RPZP.01.03.00-32-0001/2Regional Innovation Voucher, Priority Axis 1: Economy and Innovation - Lubuskie 2020, Measure 1.2: Entrepreneurship Development III Project No. RPLB.01.02.00-08-0001/20
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In response to the growing demand for sustainable manufacturing, 3D printing using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) offers a novel waste-to-value conversion method. Although the application of rPET in additive manufacturing has attracted significant attention from both the academic and industrial sectors, substantial challenges impede its further development, notably the high processing shrinkage and poor mechanical properties of the final product. This study focuses on developing recycled PET-based composites with favorable processing, thermal, and mechanical properties. Regranulates were produced via twin-screw extrusion using PET flakes, multifunctional chain extenders, and short glass fibers (GFs). The rPET-GF composites were characterized in terms of their processing, thermal, thermomechanical, and mechanical properties. Epoxy-functional chain extender modification effectively increased the molecular weight and improved the processability, whereas GF reinforcement enhanced the tensile properties of both injection-molded and FDM-manufactured parts. A primary advantage of the rPET systems developed in this study is their delayed crystallization kinetics. These findings highlight the significant potential of the composites developed herein for extrusion-based additive manufacturing (MEX-AM), as delayed crystallization facilitates enhanced interfacial adhesion, lower volumetric shrinkage, and superior dimensional stability.

Indexed as

3D printingadditive manufacturingcompositesglass fiber reinforcementpolyethylene terephthalaterecycling

Identifiers

PMID42198095
PMCPMC13211043

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.