ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Self-Powered Triboelectric Insole for Gait Asymmetry and Plantar Pressure Signatures in Rehabilitation Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
(1) Background: Gait analysis technologies have advanced; however, traditional systems like optical motion capture are lab-bound and costly, limiting rehabilitation monitoring. This cross-sectional study evaluates self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) insoles combined with IMU sensors to assess gait asymmetry, plantar pressure signatures, age effects and injury history in rehabilitation patients, aiming to enable portable, battery-free phenotyping. (2) Methods: Fifty-three patients (22 females, 31 males; age, 29 ± 26 years) from Astana clinics with trauma histories (e.g., spine, ankle, fractures) and 10 healthy references underwent a 2 min walk test (2MWT). TENG insoles captured plantar loading; ankle/knee IMUs measured spatiotemporal parameters (cadence, asymmetry). The data were normalized; the analyses used an ANOVA and correlations (Python 3.14.3). (3) Results: The TENG sensors showed force/frequency linearity (up to 10 V at 20 N). The cadence averaged 101 ± 10 steps/min, declining with age (r = -0.31,
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