Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42197793›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Development of an Improved QCM-D Instrumentation for Affinity Sensing by Bioinspired Molecular-Imprinted Polymers (MIP) for IgG Detection in Serum.

Doretta Cuffaro, Lucia Bonasera, Elisa Nuti, Riccardo Galletti, Manuela Adami, Marco Sartore, Maria Minunni

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Doretta CuffaroDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56125 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8842-542X
Lucia BonaseraDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56125 Pisa, Italy.
Elisa NutiDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56125 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2669-5376
Riccardo GallettiElbaTech Srl, 57030 Marciana, Italy.
Manuela AdamiElbaTech Srl, 57030 Marciana, Italy.
Marco SartoreElbaTech Srl, 57030 Marciana, Italy.
Maria MinunniDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56125 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0906-0862

Funding

Ministero dell'università e della ricerca art. 22 Legge 240/2010 and D.D. MUR n. 47/2025
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technology provides a powerful, label-free platform for monitoring molecular interactions in real time with nanogram sensitivity. Recent advances in compact instrumentation have enhanced analytical performance while reducing energy consumption, aligning with the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry. In parallel, the European Union has recommended the replacement of animal-derived antibodies with non-animal alternatives, creating an urgent need for sustainable affinity receptors. In this study, we present an innovative application of polynorepinephrine (PNE)-based molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with a compact QCM sensing. PNE, a bioinspired polymer formed under mild aqueous conditions, offers strong adhesive properties and biocompatibility, enabling robust immobilization of imprinted receptors on gold-coated quartz disks. The resulting PNE-MIP/QCM platform combines the ultrasensitivity of quartz microbalances with the selectivity of molecular imprinting, delivering a reproducible and environmentally responsible affinity sensor. The sensor showed a limit of detection of 11.2 nM and enabled accurate IgG quantification in diluted human serum samples. As a proof of concept, the system was applied to Human Immunoglobulin G (IgG1) detection, demonstrating its potential for sustainable clinical diagnostics.

Indexed as

Biosensing TechniquesImmunoglobulin GMolecular ImprintingMolecularly Imprinted PolymersQuartz Crystal Microbalance TechniquesHumansPolymersImmunoglobulin GMolecularly Imprinted PolymersPolymersclinical diagnosticsHuman Immunoglobulin G (hIgG)molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs)polynorepinephrine (PNE)quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)

Identifiers

PMID42197793
PMCPMC13210962

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.