Three-Dimensional PNP-FEM of a Layered IPMC Artificial Skin Under Finger-like Sliding for Robotic Tactile Interfaces.

Robotic tactile interfaces involving artificial skins often experience sliding contact conditions. At sliding interfaces, frictional loading, tangential stress, and impending slip dominate sensing behavior. This work demonstrates three-dimensional finite element (3D-FE) and Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) modeling of layered ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) artificial skin under finger-like reciprocating sliding contact. The layered structure consists of a Nafion-based IPMC core sandwiched between thin upper and lower electrodes. A rigid acrylic slider is used to simulate reciprocating finger motion relative to the surface of the IPMC skin. A time-dependent contact mechanics model is first utilized to simulate temporal variations in normal and tangential contact fields for various coefficients of friction. Electrochemical response is then determined in COMSOL Multiphysics by coupling ion transport and electrostatics in a PNP framework to predict the output sliding current. Parametric studies are used to investigate the dependence of sensor response on the coefficient of friction, reciprocating history, layer geometry, and transport parameters. From the results, it can be noted that the resulting parameter offers a robust and physically meaningful description of the magnitude of contact-induced shear stress under multi-mode loadings, yet retaining the capability of responding to the presence of friction-induced mechanical excitation. The current model is aimed at dynamic shear sensitivity detection in sliding contacts. It is not designed for texture discrimination or fragment identification tasks. Thus, the current study demonstrates an important coupling parameter for 3D IPMC sensor models under contact and sets up a framework for enhanced electro-chemo-mechanical modeling of soft ionic tactile sensors.