Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42197530›Full record

ReviewMicroorganisms2026

Epidemiology and Outcomes of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Saudi Arabian Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Abdullah A Alshehri, Jehad A Aldali, Ghina M Alhuwaymani, Farah M Alanazi, Yara K Alsarhan, Shahad A Almutairi, Abrar A Altayeb

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Microorganisms, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Data-driven Atlas ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Abdullah A AlshehriDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-4785-4551
Jehad A AldaliDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-9754-3826
Ghina M AlhuwaymaniCollege of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia.
Farah M AlanaziCollege of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia.
Yara K AlsarhanCollege of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia.
Shahad A AlmutairiCollege of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia.
Abrar A AltayebCollege of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0009-0001-3913-3316

Funding

Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University This work was supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) (grant number IMSIU-DDRSP2601).
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains a major healthcare-associated infection in intensive care units (ICUs) and is associated with prolonged hospitalization, increased antimicrobial use, and high mortality. In Saudi Arabia, evidence on VAP epidemiology, microbiology, and outcomes is fragmented across settings. This study aimed to systematically review and synthesise the available evidence on VAP in Saudi Arabian ICUs. This study followed PRISMA guidelines and was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261332740). A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Studies from Saudi Arabia reporting VAP incidence in ICUs were included. A random-effects model was used to pool incidence per 1000 ventilator-days. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Analyses were performed using R. Seven studies involving a total of 15,844 patients, representing multicentre studies, national surveillance data, and single-centre cohorts across diverse ICU settings. The pooled incidence of VAP was 8.50 episodes per 1000 ventilator-days (95% CI: 3.23-13.78), with substantial heterogeneity (I

Indexed as

Acinetobacter baumanniiantimicrobial resistanceepidemiologyGram-negative bacteriainfection preventionintensive care unitKlebsiella pneumoniaemeta-analysisSaudi Arabiasystematic reviewventilator-associated pneumoniaventilator care bundle

Identifiers

PMID42197530
PMCPMC13209618

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.