ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2026
Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Frisbee Athletes and Associated Risk Factors: World Beach Ultimate Championship.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Frisbee has gained increasing popularity and is characterized by high-intensity running, rapid changes in direction, jumping, and indirect physical contact, exposing players to a risk of injury. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries in frisbee athletes who participated in the World Beach Ultimate Championship in Portugal, and the risk factors associated with these injuries. The sample included 484 athletes aged 18-64 years, of whom 275 (56.8%) were male. Data was collected using a digital questionnaire. Across their frisbee practice, 391 (80.8%) athletes reported at least one injury, totalling 1685 injuries. A total of 49 (10.1%) athletes reported an injury in the last 7 days. Over the past 12 months, 211 (43.6%) athletes sustained injuries, totalling 358 cases. The injury proportion was 0.44 (95% CI: 39.2-48.0), and the injury rate was 0.67 injuries per 1000 h of training. The most frequent injuries were muscle strains (18.86%) and sprains (13.43%), mainly affecting the ankle (62; 17.71%) and knee (54; 15.43%). Repetitive movements (84; 22.11%) and changes in direction (62; 16.32%) were the most common mechanisms. Athletes with equal or more than 11 years of practice had a higher injury risk (OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.16-2.91;
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