ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Snail Mucus-Inspired Interface: A Resilient and Self-Healing Double-Network Hydrogel Polymer Electrolyte for Flexible Supercapacitors.
Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Flexible supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted considerable attention for wearable electronics, and developing high-performance electrolytes is critical for their practical application. While hydrogels have been widely investigated as solid electrolytes, studies on double-network (DN) hydrogel electrolytes specifically addressing the electrode-electrolyte interface stability under mechanical deformation remain relatively scarce. A major obstacle is maintaining a stable electrode-electrolyte interface under large mechanical deformation. Drawing inspiration from the mucus of a snail, which effectively adheres to various surfaces in challenging conditions, we present a self-healing xanthan gum/hydrophobically associated polyacrylamide/NaCl (XG/HPAAm/NaCl) hydrogel polymer electrolyte (HPE) that facilitates the creation of flexible SCs with improved mechanical and electrochemical properties. The optimized 2 wt% XG/HPAAm/0.4 M NaCl DN HPE exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 4.0 S/m, a tensile strength of 0.43 MPa, and an elongation at break of 11.7 mm/mm, along with a high adhesive energy of 254.7 J/m
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