Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42196059›Full record

ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Impact of Mono-, Di-, and Trivalent Ions on the Rheology of Borate-Crosslinked Guar Fracturing Fluids.

Boyang Liu, Zhenhua Li, Lianguo Wang, Chenhao Li, Ya Wu, Yongfei Li, Dan Zhao, Gang Chen, Weiyu Bi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Boyang LiuEngineering Research Center of Oil and Gas Field Chemistry, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
Zhenhua LiEngineering Research Center of Oil and Gas Field Chemistry, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
Lianguo WangThe 11th Oil Extraction Factory, Changqing Oilfield Company (PetroChina), Qingyang 745000, China.
Chenhao LiCollege of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China.
Ya WuEngineering Research Center of Oil and Gas Field Chemistry, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
Yongfei LiEngineering Research Center of Oil and Gas Field Chemistry, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2195-3575
Dan ZhaoCollege of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China.
Gang ChenEngineering Research Center of Oil and Gas Field Chemistry, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3711-4250
Weiyu BiOil and Gas Technology Research Institute, Changqing Oilfield Company (PetroChina), Xi'an 710021, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2741-066X

Funding

Open Foundation of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Lacustrine Shale Gas Accumulation and Exploi-tation YJSYZX23SKF0009Shaanxi Science and Technology Department 2025CY-YBXM-185, 2022GY-162
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Water-based fracturing fluids, which are essential for enhancing oil and gas production, increasingly utilize seawater or produced water as alternatives to freshwater due to scarcity and cost considerations. However, the high salinity of these alternative water sources can compromise fluid stability and induce formation damage. Herein, the rheological behavior of borate-crosslinked hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) fracturing fluids was systematically evaluated in the presence of individual salts to elucidate the effects of ionic composition and concentration. Viscosity measurements at 80 °C and 170 s

Indexed as

differential effectfracturing fluidssalt ionsviscoelasticityviscosity

Identifiers

PMID42196059
PMCPMC13205791

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.