ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Differential Release of β-Casomorphins from A1 and A2 Milk During Standardized Gastrointestinal Digestion Quantified by CE-MS.
Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
β-Casein A1 and A2 (β-CN-A1 and β-CN-A2) are the two predominant β-CN proteoforms in bovine milk. β-CN-A1 has been associated with a greater propensity to release opioid peptides, such as β-casomorphin-7 (β-CM-7) and β-casomorphin-5 (β-CM-5), during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion, which may have adverse biological effects. This has stimulated growing interest in milk from cows carrying the β-CN A2A2 genotype (A2 milk), which requires reliable characterization methods. In this work, we developed a rapid, selective, and sensitive capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) method for the accurate identification and quantification of β-CM-7 and β-CM-5 in milk hydrolysates from in vitro GI digestion of bovine milk. The method showed good linearity (R
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