ReviewMicromachines2026
Advancing Functional Electrocatalysts for Hybrid Water Splitting: Strategies for Energy-Efficient Hydrogen Production.
Review in Micromachines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Electrocatalytic water splitting powered by renewable energy is a promising route for sustainable hydrogen production. Rather than developing separate catalysts for HER and OER, recent efforts focus on multifunctional electrocatalysts that can efficiently drive both reactions, simplifying system design and improving efficiency. A major limitation of conventional water splitting is the high overpotential and low-value oxygen production in OER. To overcome this, hybrid water splitting replaces OER with more valuable oxidation reactions, such as pollutant degradation or organic upgrading, enhancing overall energy and economic efficiency. This review covers the fundamentals of water splitting and highlights key physicochemical techniques for probing electrocatalyst activity, particularly structural reconstruction under operating conditions. It evaluates noble-metal, nonprecious-metal, and metal-free nanocarbon catalysts in both acidic and alkaline media, with emphasis on their roles in alternative anodic reactions. Finally, it outlines current challenges and future directions for developing efficient, durable, and sustainable electrocatalysts for advanced hydrogen production systems.
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