Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42195455›Full record

ArticleMicromachines2026

Automated Flushing System for Post-Processing in Microfluidic Device Fabrication.

Sebastian Zapata, Brady Goenner, Dallin S Miner, Bruce K Gale, Gregory P Nordin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Micromachines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sebastian ZapataElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
Brady GoennerMechanical Engineering Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Dallin S MinerElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.ORCID 0009-0001-3606-3965
Bruce K GaleMechanical Engineering Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5843-3464
Gregory P NordinElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7241-5764

Funding

High Density 3D Printed Microfluidics With Open Source Resins for Biomedical ApplicationsR15GM123405 · NIGMS · BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY · PI NORDIN, GREGORY P. · 2017 to 2023
$1.3M
National Science Foundation 2140148National Science Foundation 2245494NIGMS NIH HHS R15 GM123405NIH HHS R15GM123405
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Post-processing remains a major bottleneck in the fabrication of microfluidic devices using Digital Light Processing Stereolithography (DLP-SLA) 3D printing, where unpolymerized resin trapped within internal structures must be removed without damaging delicate features such as thin membranes, valves, and pumps. Manual flushing is slow, inconsistent, and prone to structural failure, especially as device complexity and port counts increase. Here, we present the first fully automated flushing system for DLP-SLA microfluidic devices, enabled by a standardized chip-to-chip (C2C) interconnect architecture and an electronically controlled pneumatic routing platform. A reusable 32-port flushing interface chip provides alignment, sealing, and modular coupling to arbitrary device chips through integrated microgaskets, while a network of electronic pressure controllers, differential pressure sensors, and multi-port rotary valves enable precise, programmable application of pressure, vacuum, and solvent conditions. We introduce a fluidic-circuit model of the system that relates applied pressure to the pressure drop across device structures and experimentally validate this model using channels with varying fluidic resistances. Using this platform, we demonstrate robust flushing of both passive (straight and serpentine channels) and active (valves, pumps) microfluidic elements, as well as application-specific devices including mixers and concentration-gradient generators. Our system eliminates manual handling, improves valve membrane survival, and provides repeatable flushing across a broad range of device geometries. This work establishes a scalable foundation for automated post-processing in 3D-printed microfluidics and significantly advances the practicality of DLP-SLA fabrication for complex, multi-layered microfluidic devices.

Indexed as

automated post-processingchip-to-chip interconnectDLP-SLA 3D printingfluidic circuit modelmicrofluidicsmicrofluidic valvespneumatic control systemresin flushing

Identifiers

PMID42195455
PMCPMC13208821

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.