Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42194423›Full record

ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Increased Experiences of Multiple Forms of Discrimination in Healthcare Settings During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) People Across Canada: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Josephine Etowa, Amos Buh, Angela Kaida, Shamara Baidoobonso, Joseph Osuji, Judith Apondi Odhiambo, Lilian Ndongmo, Egbe Etowa, Bishwajit Ghose, David Este

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Josephine EtowaFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1S 5S9, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-2019-7958
Amos BuhFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1S 5S9, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0732-4193
Angela KaidaFaculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-0329-1926
Shamara BaidoobonsoDepartment of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
Joseph OsujiFaculty of Health and Community Studies, School of Nursing, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada.
Judith Apondi OdhiamboMAP Center for Urban Health Solution, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
Lilian NdongmoFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1S 5S9, Canada.
Egbe EtowaFaculty of Community Services, Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
Bishwajit GhoseFaculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-4461-3821
David EsteFaculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.

Funding

Public Health Agency of Canada Catalogue Number: HP40-293/2021E-PDF
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as

ACB peopleCanadaCOVID-19healthcare accessmultiple discrimination

Identifiers

PMID42194423
PMCPMC13206055

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.