ArticleChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Longitudinal Effectiveness of Repeated Lifestyle Education in Pediatric Dyslipidemia: Developmental and Environmental Modifiers in a Real-World Clinical Cohort.
Article in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesPediatric dyslipidemia is a major modifiable risk factor for future cardiovascular disease, and lifestyle modification is recommended as first-line therapy. However, real-world longitudinal evidence on the effectiveness of repeated lifestyle education delivered during routine clinical practice remains limited. In this study, we assessed longitudinal metabolic changes following repeated lifestyle education and explored developmental and early-life factors associated with treatment responsiveness.
methodsIn this retrospective longitudinal cohort study, we included 437 children and adolescents newly diagnosed with dyslipidemia at a tertiary hospital between 2019 and 2024. Participants received repeated lifestyle education during routine outpatient visits. Anthropometric and laboratory parameters were assessed over time. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate longitudinal changes, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of lipid improvement.
resultsRepeated lifestyle education was associated with gradual improvements in BMI SDS, total cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol over time. Linear mixed model analyses demonstrated significant time effects for total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, while HDL cholesterol remained relatively stable. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) also demonstrated a significant time-dependent reduction during follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that pubertal stage was associated with a lower likelihood of improvement in LDL and non-HDL cholesterol, whereas large-for-gestational-age birth was associated with a higher likelihood of HDL improvement.
conclusionsRepeated lifestyle education delivered during routine clinical practice was associated with meaningful improvements in lipid profiles in children with dyslipidemia. Developmental stage and early-life characteristics may influence treatment responsiveness, highlighting the importance of individualized and developmentally informed management strategies.
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