ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
Climatic Variability and Milk Quality as Sustainability Indicators in Dairy Farming Systems of Pastaza Province, Ecuador.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Milk production in humid tropical regions depends heavily on environmental conditions, yet little is known about how climatic variability affects milk quality in small-scale dairy systems in the Ecuadorian Amazon. This study examined the link between climatic variability and the physicochemical and microbiological quality of raw milk on dairy farms in Pastaza Province, Ecuador. Researchers collected and analyzed 127 milk samples in 2024 for fat, protein, total solids, and solids-not-fat using an automated milk analyzer. They also measured somatic cell count and total bacterial count as microbiological indicators. Climatic data, including precipitation, mean temperature, evaporation, relative humidity, cloud cover, and wind speed, were obtained from official meteorological records and analyzed using generalized linear models and multivariate analysis. The physicochemical makeup of milk remained stable despite climate change, indicating that tropical pasture-based dairy systems exhibit some productive resilience. By contrast, microbiological indicators, especially somatic cell count, varied more and were sensitive to environmental factors such as wind speed. These results show that milk composition remains stable under humid tropical conditions, whereas sanitary indicators respond more to climate variability. Better management and hygiene are crucial to maintaining sustainable dairy production systems in these environments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.