A Bidimensional Model of Language Transmission in Bilingual Families: Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union in Israel.

This study investigates language transmission in immigrant families. The study is based on a bidimensional acculturation model, which assumes that immigrants acquire the new culture and preserve their culture of origin to different degrees. The model was tested using a stratified sample of first-generation immigrants from the former Soviet Union in Israel whose children were born in the host country (n = 725). The assimilation pattern was observed across all components of language transmission, with Hebrew being more prevalent than Russian among parents and children, as well as in their interactions. In addition, the two languages were competitive (negatively correlated) with respect to parents' language proficiency and parent-child interactions. However, they were complementary (non-correlated) with respect to children's language proficiency. The hypothesized bidimensional model linking parents' language proficiency, the frequency of parent-child interactions in a specific language, and children's language proficiency was corroborated for both languages. In addition, positive effects of parents' proficiency in Russian on children's proficiency in both Russian and Hebrew were found. Finally, the duration of residence in Israel, religiosity, education, and gender affected various aspects of language transmission in immigrant families. The study's results advance our understanding of immigrants' language acculturation and chart new directions for language policy and practice.