Observational studyBMC pregnancy and childbirth2026
Trends, disparities, and socioeconomic inequalities in periconceptional folic acid supplementation in China: a nationwide survey analysis.
Observational study in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPericonceptional folic acid supplementation (FAS) is known to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, but limited evidence exists on its national coverage and socioeconomic disparities in China.
methodsThis study used data from a nationwide survey of over 11 million reproductive-aged couples between 2012 and 2019 to examine patterns, trends, and inequalities in overall and adequate FAS use. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate the associations between parental separate and joint SES indicators and periconceptional FAS use. Socioeconomic inequalities were quantified using the Erreygers Concentration Index based on maternal education.
resultsOverall FAS use increased from 2012 to 2019 to reach 92.6% (95% CI 89.8%-95.5%) in urban and 92.1% (95% CI 90.4%-93.8%) in rural areas. Despite this increase, adequate adherence remained suboptimal at 64.8% (95% CI 59.9%-69.6%) for urban and 66.0% (95% CI 61.2%-70.8%) for rural participants. Lower maternal SES was strongly associated with reduced FAS use. Decomposition analysis established maternal education as the primary driver of inequality and accounted for the largest disparity in adequate use. Although maternal factors mediated the influence of paternal education on overall use, low paternal education persisted as an independent barrier to adequate adherence.
conclusionsOur study confirms a relatively low rate of adequate periconceptional FAS use. Prevention efforts should target high-risk groups by addressing specific risk factors and broader determinants of health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.