ArticleBMC plant biology2026
Genome-wide identification and salt stress-induced expression analysis of the NHX gene family in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).
Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a prominent legume and oilseed crop cultivated globally for its economic significance and nutritional value. With the growing demand for edible oil and protein, peanut cultivation needs to be expanded into salinized land. However, salt stress in such soils severely limits peanut growth and productivity. The Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter (NHX) gene family plays a crucial role in plant salt tolerance by regulating ion homeostasis. Genome-wide identification of peanut NHX genes and systematic profiling of their expression patterns under salt stress are essential for enhancing peanut salt tolerance through molecular breeding.
resultsIn this study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of the NHX gene family in cultivated peanut and identified 73 AhNHX genes. Based on NHX protein sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max, Medicago sativa, Medicago truncatula, and Phaseolus vulgaris, a phylogenetic tree was constructed, and the 73 AhNHX genes were divided into three clades. Furthermore, analysis of gene structure and conserved motifs revealed that intron size, intron number, and motif number differed significantly among subfamilies. Collinearity analysis indicated that segmental duplication events were the primary driver of AhNHX family expansion. The dN/dS ratio was less than one, implying that the AhNHX gene family experienced strong purifying selection during long‑term evolution. Expression profiling across 22 tissues showed that 27 AhNHX genes exhibited tissue‑specific expression patterns. Under salt stress, transcript levels of multiple AhNHX genes were differentially regulated between the salt‑tolerant variety (HY33) and the salt‑sensitive variety (HY9115). Based on representative features in gene structure, protein sequence, evolutionary lineage, and salt‑induced upregulation, 12 genes (AhNHX11, 12, 19, 23, 34, 38, 43, 44, 48, 54, 57, and 73) were identified as candidates for further functional characterization.
conclusionsThis study provides comprehensive insights into the AhNHX gene family and pinpoints candidate genes for improving salt tolerance in peanut via molecular breeding.
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