ArticleBMC health services research2026
Telehealth implementation for military combat casualty care and evacuation: a qualitative study.
Article in BMC health services research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe application of telehealth in combat zones offers transformative potential for casualty care but presents unique and complex challenges. Successfully leveraging this technology requires a deep understanding of its foundational requirements and operational barriers in high-stakes military environments. This study aimed to explore the foundational requirements, challenges, and enablers for the successful implementation of telehealth systems in military combat environments from the perspective of experienced personnel.
methodsWe conducted a qualitative study using a conventional content analysis approach. We recruited ten military personnel through purposive and snowball sampling until reaching data saturation. We collected data via in-depth, semi-structured interviews and interviewer notes, and analyzed them using the five-step Graneheim and Lundman method. We ensured the trustworthiness of the data using Lincoln and Guba's criteria.
resultsThe analysis resulted in the extraction of two main categories: "Disruption in the Care and Evacuation Chain: Operational and Structural Vulnerabilities" and "Designing a Resilient Military Health Ecosystem: Requirements and Vision" which encompassed 14 generic categories and 43 subcategories. Key findings highlight the necessity of a resilient, mission-oriented technical infrastructure and human-centered design. Crucially, the study underscores the paramount importance of a robust "Cyber Defense Shield," featuring end-to-end encryption and remote data wipe capabilities to navigate the paradox between data accessibility and operational security. Furthermore, redefining organizational culture to view telehealth as a "strategic imperative" rather than an option, and "empowering the human element" through continuous, integrated training were identified as critical determinants of success.
conclusionThe successful deployment of telehealth in combat zones requires a holistic, socio-technical approach. It demands more than advanced technological solutions, necessitating integrated strategies that address robust cybersecurity, standardized governance, comprehensive human factor development, and strong organizational and command-level commitment to ensure clinical effectiveness and tactical advantage.
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