Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42192284›Full record

ArticleBMC microbiology2026

Antimicrobial resistance patterns and genomic characterization of Avibacterium paragallinarum isolates collected in China from 2013 to 2021.

Xing-Ping Li, Guiping Li, Wutong Lin, Donghai Li, Ximin Zeng, Meina Xiu, Yuxin Shao, Fan Yang, Fuzhou Xu, Huiling Sun

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Research progress onFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xing-Ping Li *Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
Guiping Li *Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
Wutong Lin *Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
Donghai LiBeijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
Ximin ZengDepartment of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, 2505 River Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
Meina XiuBeijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
Yuxin ShaoBeijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
Fan YangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
Fuzhou XuBeijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China. xufuzhou@baafs.net.cn.
Huiling SunBeijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China. sunhuiling01@163.com.

Funding

Innovation ability construction of the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences KJCX20250908The National Natural Science Foundation of China 32302925The Reform and Development Project of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences XMS202511The Science and Technology Breakthrough Project of Henan Province 242102110015
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAvibacterium paragallinarum is the causative agent of infectious coryza in chickens and contributes to significant economic losses in poultry production. Antimicrobial therapy is widely used for disease control; however, increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) may compromise treatment efficacy. Long-term surveillance data on AMR in Av. paragallinarum in China remain limited.

resultsA total of 117 Av. paragallinarum isolates were analyzed, including 113 clinical isolates collected from 13 provinces in China between 2013 and 2021 and 4 historical international reference strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 16 antibiotics was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. High resistance rates were observed for ampicillin, clindamycin, compound sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. In contrast, erythromycin, azithromycin, ceftiofur, and spectinomycin retained high levels of susceptibility. Compared with historical strains, contemporary isolates exhibited increased resistance to several antimicrobial classes. Whole-genome sequencing of 15 representative isolates identified multiple resistance genes, including determinants associated with aminoglycoside, β-lactam, sulfonamide, and tetracycline resistance. The tigecycline resistance gene tet(X6) was detected in one isolate.

conclusionThis study first detects gene tet(X6) in Av. paragallinarum isolates. Continuous surveillance of its multidrug resistance and rational antimicrobial use are vital to curb resistance spread in poultry systems.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsDrug Resistance, BacterialDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialHaemophilus InfectionsHaemophilus paragallinarumPoultry DiseasesAnimalsChickensChinaGenome, BacterialMicrobial Sensitivity TestsThird Generation CephalosporinsWhole Genome SequencingAnti-Bacterial AgentsThird Generation CephalosporinsAntibioticsAntimicrobial susceptibilityAvibacterium paragallinarumDrug resistance gene

Identifiers

PMID42192284
PMCPMC13397709

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.