ArticleInternational journal of behavioral medicine2026
The Association of Collective Self-Esteem to Individual Self-Esteem, Depression, and Sexual Health of Indian Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Longitudinal Analysis.
Article in International journal of behavioral medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) in India face unique psychosocial and HIV-related stressors. Collective self-esteem (CSE) may be a particularly important protective factor for this population given Indian collectivist cultural values. This study examined potential effects of CSE sequentially on individual self-esteem (ISE), depression and, in turn, sexual behavior and health outcomes longitudinally among Indian MSM.
methodThree hundred and one Indian MSM were surveyed at baseline, and at 4, 8, and 12 months. Assessments included the CSE scale, Rosenberg ISE, clinically significant depressive symptoms, condomless anal sex (CAS), and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). After confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the CSE scale, path models were estimated to examine longitudinal associations of CSE on outcomes via serial mediation.
resultsOne of the three collective self-esteem factors from the CFA, public view of group, significantly predicted outcomes. This factor, a higher public view of group, predicted increased ISE 4 months later, which in turn via mediation, predicted fewer clinically significant depressive symptoms at 8 months (B = -0.685, β = -0.048, 95% BCa CI [-1.547, -0.280]). When adding CAS as the outcome at 12 months, ISE at 4 months and depression at 8 months were serial mediators of the effects of public view of group (B = -0.207, β = -0.017, 95% BCa CI [-1.086, -0.051]). When adding STI to the model instead of CAS, STI incidence was not predicted.
conclusionOf the components of collective self-esteem in Indian MSM, public view of group emerged as a key predictor of mental and sexual health in Indian MSM. Addressing collective self-esteem and/or its contributors (e.g., stigma) may have beneficial effects for Indian MSM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42192084What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.