ReviewNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2026
Navigating diagnostic overlap between seizures and movement disorders: A practical clinical approach.
Review in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAlthough movement disorders (MDs) and seizures are considered separate neurological conditions, it can be difficult to distinguish between them in clinical settings. This is primarily due to the numerous motor manifestations that overlap between seizures and movement disorders. Furthermore, the coexistence of both movement disorders and seizures within the same individual adds another layer of complexity to the diagnostic process.
objectivesThe purpose of this review is to compile a comprehensive guide for distinguishing between seizures and movement disorders.
methodsWe draw attention to the common phenomenology of seizures and movement disorders, the areas of diagnostic ambiguity, and the crucial clinical elements that can direct a precise diagnosis. A structured narrative review was conducted based on a systematic PubMed/MEDLINE search (years 1980-2025), synthesising clinical, neurophysiological, and genetic literature relevant to the diagnostic overlap between seizures and movement disorders.
resultsTen diagnostic pillars are offered as useful instruments to explore the intricate connection between seizures and movement disorders.
conclusionClinical reasoning must integrate multiple overlapping dimensions when distinguishing seizures from movement disorders. No single test or isolated feature is definitive; a holistic, interdisciplinary approach is critical in navigating this diagnostic interface. It is, however, important to emphasize that the strict distinction between movement disorders and seizures may not always be necessary or possible, given that both conditions are ultimately defined by different constructs: phenomenology and pathophysiology, respectively.
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