ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2026
The running economy and biomechanics of competitive distance runners wearing advanced footwear technology spikes.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the running economy and biomechanics of runners wearing Advanced Footwear Technology (AFT) spiked shoes (spikes) and AFT shoes relative to traditional spikes.
methods17 (7 female & 10 male) competitive distance runners completed two sessions of eight (four shoes × two replicates), five-minute trials at 15 km*hr
resultsWhen runners wore NDF and OCS AFT spikes and NVN AFT shoes, running economy improved by 2.1%, 2.3%, and 1.9%, respectively, compared to NZV traditional spikes (p < 0.001). These improvements coincided with 6.1%, 4.5%, and 8.9% increases in leg stiffness and 1.5%, 2.2%, and 2.3% increases in ground contact time for the NDF, OCS, and NVN, respectively, compared to NZV traditional spikes (p < 0.002).
conclusionRunning economy improved by 2.1% for athletes wearing compliant AFT spikes and shoes compared to traditional spikes. Future generations of AFT spikes that are designed with further increases in midsole compliance and energy return could improve race performance by eliciting potentially favorable biomechanical changes, such as increased leg stiffness and/or ground contact time.
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