ReviewThe Journal of antibiotics2026
Sulfonamide resistance as a global one health challenge.
Review in The Journal of antibiotics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Sulfonamide resistance is often viewed as a consequence of antibiotic misuse; however, growing evidence reveals its widespread distribution across humans, animals, and the environment. Escherichia coli exhibits sulfamethoxazole resistance of 44-57%, with 93% of isolates carrying sul1 or sul2, while sul4 has recently emerged in companion animals; many resistant strains harbor class 1 integrons linking sulfonamide resistance to other antibiotics. Although constructed wetlands remove 86-99% of sulfamethoxazole from wastewater, sul1 frequently persists ( ~ 10⁵ copies/mL), and in aquaculture, milkfish exposed to sulfamethoxazole (2 mg/L for 8 weeks) showed resistance increasing from 2.8% to 100% with survival reduced by up to 62%. These findings underscore sulfonamide resistance as an ecological challenge maintained across interconnected reservoirs, imposing a One Health approach to disrupt its transmission.
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