Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42191709›Full record

ReviewNPJ vaccines2026

Trends in funding for coronavirus vaccine research and development: implications for preparedness against future coronavirus threats.

Derek Fleming, Emily Smith, Julie Ostrowsky, Angela Ulrich, Tabitha Leighton, Natalie Vestin, Angela J Mehr, Rodrigo Furst, Alice Norton, Eve Lackritz

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in NPJ vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Derek FlemingCenter for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. flemi644@umn.edu.
Emily SmithCenter for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Julie OstrowskyCenter for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Angela UlrichCenter for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Tabitha LeightonCenter for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Natalie VestinCenter for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Angela J MehrCenter for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Rodrigo FurstPandemic Sciences Institute, Oxford, UK.
Alice NortonPandemic Sciences Institute, Oxford, UK.
Eve LackritzCenter for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Funding

Wellcome 226543Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 226543
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered unprecedented investment in coronavirus vaccine R&D, but the long-term trajectory of this funding remains unclear. We mapped coronavirus vaccine grant support from 2020 through 2025, and found an early surge focused on ancestral SARS-CoV-2, a pivot toward broadly protective coronavirus vaccines (BPCV), and then a steep decline in publicly available funding overall, especially in the United States. Reduced sustained investment may weaken future preparedness and response globally to emergent coronavirus threats.

Identifiers

PMID42191709
PMCPMC13486641

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.