Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42191694›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Skin-mimicking biogel-based iontronic sensor with hierarchical bionic coupling for dexterous tactile e-skin.

Yidan Chen, Shu Wang, Xilu Ye, Chenghui Lv, Jialin Wei, Yingxin Zhang, Jianfeng Ping, Yibin Ying, Lingyi Lan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yidan Chen *College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
Shu Wang *College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
Xilu Ye *College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
Chenghui LvCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
Jialin WeiCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
Yingxin ZhangCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
Jianfeng PingCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0579-9830
Yibin YingCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3392-9380
Lingyi LanCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China. lingyilan@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0300-685X

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 32471985Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation) LR26C130002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The human fingertip skin, with its interlocked epidermal-dermal architecture and dense tactile receptors, enables unique perception and inspires the design of innovative electronic skin (e-skin). However, most e-skin materials fail to replicate the hierarchical integration of composition, structure, and function found in natural skin. Drawing direct inspiration from the dermal extracellular matrix-a composite hydrogel reinforced by a collagen-hyaluronic acid, here we report an e-skin that mimics key composition and architectural features of human skin. By incorporating sodium lactate and montmorillonite nanosheets into a gelatin matrix, we engineer a biomimic gel with mechanical and hydration properties similar to those of natural skin through dynamic ionic crosslinking and hydrogen bond networks. The microstructure resembling the dermal papillae is designed using a sandpaper-templating strategy. The resulting iontronic sensor achieves high sensitivity (466.3 kPa

Indexed as

BionicsSkinSkin, ArtificialTouchWearable Electronic DevicesBiomimetic MaterialsCollagenHumansHyaluronic AcidHydrogelsCollagenHyaluronic AcidHydrogels

Identifiers

PMID42191694
PMCPMC13388935

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.