Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42191127›Full record

ReviewACS infectious diseases2026

The Future of Protozoan Infection Research: 3D Cell Culture and beyond.

Sarah Beatriz de Fucio, Abel Sana, Beatriz Marques, Fernanda Araujo, Nusrat Sattar, Julia Charleaux, Jameel Inal, Marcel Ramirez, Izadora Volpato Rossi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in ACS infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sarah Beatriz de FucioPostgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-970, Brazil.
Abel SanaPostgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-970, Brazil.
Beatriz MarquesPostgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, (FIOCRUZ-PR), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil.
Fernanda AraujoPostgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-970, Brazil.
Nusrat SattarPostgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-970, Brazil.
Julia CharleauxPostgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil.
Jameel InalSchool of Human Sciences, Cell Communication in Disease Pathology, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, U.K.
Marcel RamirezCarlos Chagas Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, (FIOCRUZ-PR), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-6917-1954
Izadora Volpato RossiDepartment of Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-5495-8167

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Protozoan infections remain a major challenge to human health, owing to the substantial impact these parasites exert on their hosts. In vitro culture systems are fundamental for elucidating the host-parasite interactions underlying these infections; however, traditional two-dimensional models are often limited and fail to recapitulate key aspects of human tissue architecture and function. In this context, advanced in vitro cell culture models have emerged as powerful tools, offering increased morphofunctional resemblance to human tissues. This review critically examines recent studies employing advanced platforms, including Transwell systems, spheroids, organoids, scaffolds and biomaterials, microfluidic devices, and organ-on-chip technologies. Collectively, these approaches enable the modeling of diverse human tissues, such as the intestine, brain, heart, and vascular compartments, and support the investigation of multiple pathogenic protozoa, including

Indexed as

Cell Culture Techniques, Three DimensionalProtozoan InfectionsAnimalsHost-Parasite InteractionsHumansMicrophysiological Systemsadvanced in vitro modelshost–parasite interactionsmicrofluidicsorganoidsorgan-on-a-chipprotozoan infectionsspheroidsthree-dimensional cell culture

Identifiers

PMID42191127
PMCPMC13270520

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.