Acoustic characterization of shell and size-engineered submicron contrast agents using attenuation measurements.

Mahshid Yaali, Agata A Exner, Michael C Kolios

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Article in Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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3 authors.

Mahshid YaaliToronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between St. Michaels Hospital and Toronto Metropolitan University, 209 Victoria St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: mahshid.yaali@torontomu.ca.

Agata A ExnerDepartment of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

Michael C KoliosToronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between St. Michaels Hospital and Toronto Metropolitan University, 209 Victoria St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: mkolios@torontomu.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nanobubbles (NBs), consisting of a lipid shell surrounding a gas core, have gained significant interest as contrast agents for ultrasound molecular imaging. Their acoustic response is strongly influenced by size and shell properties, yet most prior work has focused on microbubble characterization. Building on insights from microbubble studies, this work investigates the viscoelastic properties of in-house synthesized phospholipid-coated submicron NBs (average diameters of 650-720 nm) using ultrasound bulk attenuation measurements. Three NB formulations with distinct shell compositions were examined. The results highlight the critical role of shell properties in determining NB resonance frequencies. Furthermore, pressure-dependent shifts in resonance revealed strong nonlinear behavior at higher acoustic driving pressures (up to 280 kPa). Comparison with microbubbles of identical shell types showed that shell stiffness and friction are size-dependent, likely due to shell properties and the shear-thinning behavior of phospholipids. These findings provide new insights into NB dynamics with potential implications for both diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound applications.

Indexed as

AcousticsContrast MediaParticle SizeElasticityMicrobubblesPhospholipidsPressureViscosityContrast MediaPhospholipidsBubble dynamicsNanobubblesShell frictionShell stiffnessStable cavitationUltrasound attenuation

Identifiers

PMID42190519

DOI10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107884

PMCPMC13226882

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