ArticlePloS one2026
Intraspecific drought tolerance in Ugandan Coffea canephora for accelerated breeding selection.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) accounts for about 80% of Uganda's coffee production and supports over 2.2 million livelihoods. Yet recurrent droughts and erratic rainfall, exacerbated by climate change, pose severe threat to its productivity. Despite this threat, Ugandan breeding programs lack drought-tolerant varieties, largely because selection has not incorporated precise physiological traits linked to drought adaptation. Here, we evaluated 165 diverse Ugandan C. canephora genotypes, including local wild accessions, commercial lines, and breeders' selections, under controlled screenhouse drought assay. Morphophysiological traits were collected before, during, and after drought stress. Using linear mixed-effects models, K-means clustering, and the Drought Factor Index, variation in drought tolerance was characterized across genotypes differing in biomass. Drought reduced water relations, gas exchange (gs and E), and PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm, Fo/Fv, ETR, Y(II), and PI) across all biomass groups. Nevertheless, 24 genotypes maintained higher DFI values, stable PSII function (Fv/Fm, PI, Fv/F₀), and less negative pre‑dawn water potential under severe stress. Among all traits, photosynthetic performance index (PI) and Fv/F₀ emerged as the most robust and biologically interpretable predictors of drought tolerance. These fluorescence‑based markers, together with the identified drought‑tolerant genotypes, provide a powerful foundation for accelerating climate‑smart coffee breeding in Uganda.
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