ArticlePsychological research2026
Face masks do not hinder gaze-triggered social attention.
Article in Psychological research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Previous studies using gaze-cueing tasks have reported mixed findings regarding how face masks affect gaze-triggered attentional processes. However, in those tasks, participants were explicitly instructed to ignore gaze and face stimuli, potentially minimizing or even eliminating the effect of the face mask on gaze-related behavior. To address this limitation, the present study examined the effect of face masks on gaze-triggered attention using a spatial Stroop task, in which participants explicitly judged the gaze direction of a lateralized face. We compared the reversed congruency effect elicited by masked and unmasked faces, which has been attributed to eye contact and joint attention. Across three experiments and a combined analysis, face masks did not affect the magnitude of the reversed congruency effect. These results reinforce the idea that gaze-triggered attention is robust against the presence of face masks, highlighting the stability of human social attention even under conditions of limited facial visibility.
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