ArticleClinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society2026
Atrial and ventricular longitudinal strain in elite cyclists.
Article in Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
aimsIn elite athletes, differentiation between physiological and pathological cardiac remodelling can be challenging. Left ventricular (LV) strain has become part of the standard in echocardiography. Data on right ventricular (RV), left atrial (LA) and right atrial (RA) strain are sparse in elite athletes.
methodsTransthoracic echocardiography including longitudinal strain analysis of all cardiac chambers was performed using a GE Vivid iq in 112 male elite professional cyclists aged 24-32 years. All athletes were actively participating in top level international races and included race champions and Olympic medallists. The results were compared to published reference values of healthy males of similar age.
resultsLV average global longitudinal strain (LV aGLS) was -21.7% (-24.9 to -18.5), significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than the reference. RV free wall strain (RV FWS) was -26.2% (-32.3 to -20.1), and not different (p = 0.36) from the reference. Compared to the reference, LA reservoir strain (LASr), LA conduit strain (LAScd), RA reservoir strain (RASr) and RA conduit strain (RAScd) were higher (all p < 0.0001), whereas LA and RA contractile strain (LASct and RASct) were not (both p = 0.2). Strain values were independent of respective chamber sizes. There was an inverse association between the left ventricular mass index and LASr (p = 0.010) and LAScd (p = 0.042).
conclusionStrain parameters are independent of the extent of hypertrophy in elite cyclists. An underlying myocardial disease may be suspected in case of lower-than-expected longitudinal strain of any chamber.
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