ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2026
Comparison of psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the composite international diagnostic interview short form self-report (CIDI-SF-SR) in young adults.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThe Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a widely used self-report tool for screening depressive symptoms. However, several psychometric studies have raised concerns about its diagnostic accuracy. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form Self-Report (CIDI-SF-SR) is increasingly used in epidemiological surveys because it uses the diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). In this study, we aimed to compare the concordance between the PHQ-9 and CIDI-SF-SR to assess the presence of depression in young adults.
methodsData were obtained from a national study on the mental health of midwifery students (n = 1,797). Participants completed both the PHQ-9 and the CIDI-SF-SR. While the PHQ-9 assessed the presence of symptoms over the past two weeks, the CIDI-SF-SR covered both the past two weeks and the past year.
resultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was 44% using the PHQ-9 (cut-off ≥ 10), compared to the 7% and 13% MDD prevalence with the CIDI-SF-SR for the past 2 weeks and 12 months, respectively. The concordance between the two scales was around 60%. Adding functional impairment to the standard PHQ-9 algorithm improved concordance classification to 90%. The optimal cut-off point, comparing PHQ-9 to CIDI-SF, was ≥ 15.
conclusionThis study is the first to compare the PHQ-9 to the CIDI-SF-SR in a large sample of young adults. Compared to the CIDI-SF-SR, using the standard scoring of the PHQ-9 resulted in a 6-fold increase in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. This study could facilitate comparisons between studies using these two instruments and be useful for future meta-analysis.
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