Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42188825›Full record

ArticleVaccines2026

Are Fathers Being Left Behind? Gender Differences in Parental HPV Vaccination Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Sons' Vaccination in Greece.

Magdalini Christodoulou, Chrisoula Paraforou, Erasmia Rouka, Aikaterini Toska, Dimitrios Papagiannis

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Magdalini ChristodoulouPublic Health & Adults Immunization Laboratory, Department of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece.ORCID 0009-0000-2976-9460
Chrisoula ParaforouPost Graduate Program in Primary Health Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
Erasmia RoukaSchool of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-2885-4510
Aikaterini ToskaSchool of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-6888-3394
Dimitrios PapagiannisPublic Health & Adults Immunization Laboratory, Department of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-6123-559X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesDespite the critical role fathers play in family health decisions, most research on HPV vaccination focuses predominantly on mothers. This study examines gender differences in HPV knowledge and vaccination attitudes among Greek parents, addressing a significant gap in the literature.

methodsA cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted in waiting rooms of public primary healthcare settings in the Larissa prefecture of central Greece, between September and December 2024. Of 250 distributed questionnaires, 208 were returned (response rate: 83%), of which 192 were eligible for analysis. The analysis compares responses from fathers (

resultsFathers demonstrated significantly lower HPV awareness compared to mothers (42.9% vs. 64.0%, χ

conclusionsWhile fathers exhibit significantly lower HPV knowledge than mothers, they demonstrate equal willingness to vaccinate their sons. These findings suggest that knowledge gaps do not necessarily translate to vaccine hesitancy, but highlight the need for targeted, father-inclusive health education interventions. Public health programs should actively engage fathers in HPV vaccination discussions to capitalize on their positive vaccination intentions while addressing their information needs.

Indexed as

gender differencesGreeceHPVknowledgeparental attitudesvaccination

Identifiers

PMID42188825
PMCPMC13211726

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.