Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42188818›Full record

ArticleVaccines2026

Increasing HPV Vaccination Among Early Adolescents Using a Game-Based Digital Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Angela Chia-Chen Chen, Lihong Ou, Elizabeth Reifsnider, Kimberly Arcoleo, Ashish Amresh, Michael Todd

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Angela Chia-Chen ChenCollege of Nursing, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue St, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9153-7054
Lihong OuEdson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4104-7935
Elizabeth ReifsniderEllmer School of Nursing, Old Dominion University, 1881 University Drive, Virginia Beach, VA 23453, USA.
Kimberly ArcoleoCollege of Nursing, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue St, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Ashish AmreshSchool of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, 1295 S Knoles Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3722-0720
Michael ToddEdson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1981-4245

Funding

This research was supported by the Institute for Social Science Research (ISSR) at Arizona State University. Dr. Chen's effort was partially supported by the McLaren Greater Lansing Endowed Chair for Behavioral Mental Health Nursing Education at Michigan na
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage among adolescents remains below public health targets despite strong evidence of vaccine effectiveness in preventing HPV-related cancers. Digital interventions (e.g., serious games) may improve HPV vaccine uptake, but evidence for effects on vaccination behavior remains limited.

methodsThis secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial evaluated a co-designed, game-based digital intervention to increase HPV vaccine initiation among unvaccinated youth aged 11-14 years and their parents. The sample included 64 parent-adolescent dyads (33 intervention and 31 usual care dyads). The primary outcome was HPV vaccine initiation at 2-month follow-up.

resultsA significantly greater proportion of adolescents in the intervention group initiated HPV vaccination compared with controls (88.5% vs. 46.2%; χ

conclusionsThese findings provide preliminary evidence that a brief, family-centered, game-based digital intervention may help increase HPV vaccination initiation among adolescents. Larger trials with longer follow-up are needed to assess vaccine series completion and effectiveness across diverse settings.

Indexed as

adolescentsdigital interventionHPV vaccinationparentsrandomized controlled trialserious game

Identifiers

PMID42188818
PMCPMC13211665

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.