ReviewVaccines2026
Perspectives on the Development of Immune Memory Associated with Vaccination.
Review in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The goal of vaccination is to induce long-term immune memory. Traditionally, immune memory has been thought to be mediated by memory T cells and B cells. In recent years, trained immunity mediated by the innate immune cells (e.g., NK cells, neutrophils, and monocytes/macrophages) has garnered increasing attention. Trained immunity exhibits an antigen-nonspecific immune memory that provides broader protection against heterologous infections. This article reviews the mechanisms involved in the development of trained immunity, memory T cells, and B cells with a particular focus on metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications. Moreover, the effects of aging on immune memory and the factors involved in regulating the vaccine-induced immune memory in older people are discussed. By understanding immune memory and its regulatory mechanisms, we can better design vaccines and optimize vaccination strategies to induce long-lasting immune memory.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.