Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42188762›Full record

ArticleVaccines2026

Mao Zhou, Jing Liu, Xiaotuan Zhang, Feihu Yan, Yuan Wu, Cheng Huang, Dan Xie, Bin Liu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mao ZhouDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
Jing LiuDisinfection Supply Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
Xiaotuan ZhangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
Feihu YanKey Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Changchun 130122, China.
Yuan WuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
Cheng HuangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
Dan XieDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Hengnan County People's Hospital, Hengyang 421100, China.
Bin LiuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.

Funding

Department of Science and Technology of Hunan Province 2023JJ50141Health and Family Planning Commission of Hunan Province 202211004302Prevention and Control of Emerging and Major Infectious Diseases National Science and Technology Major Project 2025ZD01900700.1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants necessitates the development of effective adjuvants to enhance subunit vaccine immunogenicity. Safe adjuvants are essential to enhance the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) subunit vaccines. Traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides are attractive candidates due to their immunomodulatory properties.

methodsFemale BALB/c mice (6-8 weeks) were immunized on days 0, 7, and 21 with an RBD protein (20 μg) alone or formulated with

resultsPCP-II significantly increased RBD-specific total IgG and IgG1 compared with RBD alone and other formulations, whereas IgG2a and IgG2b remained unchanged. Both PCP-I and PCP-II increased neutralizing titers versus RBD alone, and PCP-II showed an earlier and sustained increase in neutralizing responses through day 56. PCP-II showed a non-significant increase in splenic CD19

conclusionIn this comparative evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharide candidates in a SARS-CoV-2 RBD subunit vaccine model, PCP-II showed the most prominent adjuvant activity. PCP-II enhanced antigen-specific humoral immunogenicity, improved neutralizing antibody responses, and was associated with increased IFN-γ-related cellular responses, supporting its potential as a candidate polysaccharide adjuvant for protein subunit vaccines.

Indexed as

PCP-IIpolysaccharide adjuvantPoria cocosreceptor-binding domain (RBD)SARS-CoV-2traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides

Identifiers

PMID42188762
PMCPMC13211347

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.