ArticleNeurology international2026
Central Vein Sign and Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: An Assessment of Prevalence and Anatomical Location.
Article in Neurology international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesMultiple sclerosis (MS) remains challenging to diagnose due to clinical and radiological overlap with mimicking conditions. The 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria have incorporated the central vein sign (CVS) and paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers to improve diagnostic specificity. This study assessed the prevalence and anatomical distribution of CVS and PRLs in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).
methodsThis cross-sectional study included 91 patients with RRMS diagnosed according to the 2017 McDonald criteria. MRI scans were obtained using 3T scanners, and T2-FLAIR and susceptibility-weighted angiography (SWAN) sequences were analyzed. CVS and PRLs were identified using established criteria. Patients were stratified by lesion count (<5, 5-9, ≥10), and lesions were categorized by anatomical location. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression adjusted for covariates were performed.
resultsCVS was present in 69.2% of patients, while PRLs were identified in 29.7%. Both markers were more frequent in patients with higher lesion burden in univariate analysis. CVS prevalence increased significantly with lesion count (
conclusionsCVS is a highly prevalent MRI feature in RRMS and independently associated with lesion burden, supporting its role as a diagnostically relevant imaging marker. PRLs were less prevalent and showed weaker independent associations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.