Observational studyToxins2026
Clinical Effectiveness of IncobotulinumtoxinA Using a Standardized Protocol in the Management of Myogenous Temporomandibular Disorders: A 12-Month Retrospective Study.
Observational study in Toxins, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMyogenous temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a common subtype of orofacial pain. Evidence regarding treatment with botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) remains heterogeneous, and its use is generally limited to refractory cases. This study evaluated 12-month clinical outcomes following an incobotulinumtoxinA protocol (the Ângelo Botulinum Toxin Protocol
methodsThis retrospective observational study reviewed records from 98 adults treated with incobotulinumtoxinA following the predefined injection protocol. All patients had failed ≥ 3 months of conservative management and completed ≥ 12 months of follow-up. Outcomes included myalgia severity (0-3), patient-reported orofacial pain intensity (VAS 0-10), and maximum mouth opening (MMO). Favorable outcome criteria required myalgia 0-1 or VAS ≤ 2 and MMO ≥ 35 mm.
resultsMyalgia significantly decreased at 12 months (2.69 ± 0.64 to 0.43 ± 0.85;
conclusionThis protocol was associated with improvements in muscular pain and orofacial discomfort while preserving mandibular mobility. However, given the retrospective design and absence of a control group, these findings should be interpreted as hypothesis generating.
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