ArticleMarine drugs2026
Diatomaceous Earth-Enabled Resveratrol Microemulsion for Enhanced Permeation and Stability.
Article in Marine drugs, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
This study developed a microemulsion system based on diatomaceous earth (DE) for the topical delivery of resveratrol. The microemulsions were prepared using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. A 4:1 ethanol:virgin coconut oil ratio resulted in a larger microemulsion region than a 3:1 ratio. Two formulations with oil (ethanol:virgin coconut oil, 3:1):Cremophor RH40:water ratios of 1:5:4 (ME1) and 2:5:3 (ME2) were selected for resveratrol loading and subsequently combined with DE at ratios of DE:microemulsion (DE:ME) 0.5:1, 0.5:2, and 0.5:3. The transmission electron microscopy images demonstrated the different microstructures of the microemulsions. Rheological analysis revealed an increase in storage modulus and a decrease in the linear viscoelastic region with increasing DE concentration, particularly in ME1. Differential scanning calorimetry showed disruption of boundary water following DE incorporation. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated primarily physical interactions between resveratrol and the DE:ME system. DE:ME demonstrated high resveratrol content, approaching 100%. DE:ME1 0.5:2 significantly enhanced resveratrol permeation, resulting in a 3-fold increase compared with the microemulsion alone after 8 h. DE:ME1 0.5:2 and DE:ME2 0.5:3 enhanced the photostability of resveratrol and the formulations remained stable after storage at 40 °C for 6 months. The DE:ME system maintained its cellular uptake capability, preserved the biological activity of resveratrol, and exhibited low cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes, with cell viability remaining above 70%. These results highlight the potential of DE-based systems for incorporating microemulsions of low-water soluble photo-sensitizing substances in topical drug delivery applications.
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