Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42188070›Full record

ReviewJournal of cardiovascular development and disease2026

Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI): State of the Art and Clinical Perspectives.

Biagio Castaldi, Giuseppe Imperatore, Elettra Pomiato, Giovanni Di Salvo

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of cardiovascular development and disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Biagio CastaldiPaediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8140-6798
Giuseppe ImperatoreHealth Science Interdisciplinary Centre, Sant'Anna School of Medicine, 56127 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0009-0003-9242-4897
Elettra PomiatoPaediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1104-9398
Giovanni Di SalvoPaediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0305-0113

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by pathological calcium deposition in large and medium-sized arteries, leading to severe cardiovascular complications such as hypertension, heart failure, and stroke. The mortality rate is approximately 50% within the first six months of life if untreated. The disease is primarily caused by mutations in the ENPP1 or ABCC6 genes, resulting in a deficiency of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a key inhibitor of arterial calcification. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, genetic basis, and clinical features of GACI. In addition, we summarize current and emerging therapeutic strategies, including enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant ENPP1 (INZ-701), critically discussing available preclinical and early clinical evidence, as well as current limitations.

Indexed as

GACIGeneralized Arterial Calcification of Infancyheart failureINZ-701targeted therapy

Identifiers

PMID42188070
PMCPMC13207383

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.