ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Image Encryption Algorithm Based on a Novel Hyperchaotic Map and 3D Histogram Model.
Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Digital images are easily transmitted in Internet, but there is also a great risk of information leakage. To meet the requirements of secure image transmission and real-time communication, an image encryption algorithm based on a novel chaotic map and a three-dimensional histogram is proposed. Firstly, a novel two-dimensional chaotic map is designed. Compared with traditional chaotic systems, it exhibits superior chaotic performance and a wider parameter range; secondly, the proposed algorithm is designed to extend the original image to three dimensions, followed by 3D simultaneous scrambling-diffusion; thirdly, the 2D exclusive OR (XOR) operation is performed for further diffusion; finally, the 3D matrix is merged to obtain the encrypted image. The encrypted images have uniform histograms and pass the Chi-square test. Information entropy is greater than 7.9992, and the average values of Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR) and Uniform Average Change Intensity (UACI), being 99.6137 and 33.4783, respectively, show that this algorithm can effectively resist differential attacks. On average, a 512 × 512 image can be encrypted in 0.7 s using the proposed algorithm. Thus, the proposed algorithm is applicable to image transmission over network platforms due to its high security, excellent encryption performance, and high efficiency.
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