3D-TCM-Driven Bit-Level Image Encryption via S-Box Feedback Algorithm.

Jie Zhang, Wenjie Zhou, Mingxu Wang, Yiting Lin

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Queen-Driven Color Image Encryption Based on 2D-NECS Hyperchaos.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
Article

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jie ZhangSchool of Electronics and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.ORCID 0009-0004-9403-0696

Wenjie ZhouSchool of Electronics and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.

Mingxu WangCollege of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.

Yiting LinUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528406, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4159-3132

Funding

Humanities and Social Sciences Research Planning Fund of the Ministry of Education of China 24YJAZH242Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security SKLCN-2023-02Science and Technology Planning Project of Gansu 23JRRA894, 24JRRA243

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Most existing low-dimensional chaotic maps suffer from a limited dynamical complexity and dynamic degradation, which restrict their effectiveness in image encryption. To address this issue, a novel three-dimensional chaotic map (3D-TCM) was constructed to improve dynamical complexity and stability, and its superiority was verified through a dynamical analysis. Based on these advantages, a plaintext-related image encryption scheme was designed by combining bit-level permutation and S-box-based diffusion. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieved high information entropy, a low pixel correlation, and desirable NPCR and UACI values, and successfully passed NIST SP800-22 statistical tests, demonstrating a strong resistance to differential attacks and overall robustness.

Indexed as

chaos-based encryptionhyperchaotic systemS-box constructionsecure image encryption

Identifiers

PMID42187950

DOI10.3390/e28050535

PMCPMC13206673

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.